![]() There is no clear division between anxiolytics and hypnotics, since most anxiolytics will induce sleep if taken at night and most hypnotics will sedate when taken during the day.ĭifferent benzodiazepines vary in the rate in which they are metabolised to pharmacologically active forms and particularly in their half-lives (see Table 1): short-acting drugs have a half-life of less than 24 hours e.g. ![]() Because they have a lower tendency to cause a potentially fatal CNS depression compared to earlier drugs such as barbiturates, benzodiazepines are widely used in medicine for the treatment of anxiety (anxiolytics) and insomnia (sedative/hypnotics), as well as other psychological conditions such as panic attacks and panic disorders. They act by facilitating the binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA at various GABA receptors throughout the CNS. diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam), suppositories.īenzodiazepines are a group of CNS depressants which induce feelings of calm (anxiolysis), drowsiness and sleep. According to IUPAC, the fully systematic name is 9-chloro-2-methyl-6-phenyl-2,5-diazabicycloundeca-5,8, 10,12-tetraen-3-one or 7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2 H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-one. The different drugs have varying substituents on this basic skeleton.ĭiazepam ( CAS 439-14-5) is one of the best known benzodiazepines (Valium). The fully systematic ( IUPAC) name for the nucleus of the benzodiazepine group ( CAS 1) is 2,3-diazabicycloundeca-3,5,7,9,11pentaene. Benzodiazepines are under international control. Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) was the first to be synthesised in 1957 and introduced into medicine in 1961. They act as depressants of the central nervous system (CNS). These are synthetic substances normally seen as pharmaceutically-manufactured tablets, capsules and occasionally as injectables. Benzodiazepines are widely used in medicine to treat anxiety and insomnia.
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